RESUMO O cultivo de olerícolas em geral degrada o solo porque é necessário adotar operações de preparo mecânico intenso. Com esta pesquisa objetivou-se quantificar as perdas de solo (PS) e perdas de água (PA) por erosão hídrica no ciclo da cebola em distintos tipos de manejo do solo e de resíduo cultural, em condição de chuva simulada, em 2017. Estudaramse os tratamentos de plantio direto: 1) sulcos na linha de plantio sobre o resíduo de milho (PDM); 2) sulcos na linha de plantio sobre o resíduo de soja (PDS); 3) preparo do solo com uma aração + duas gradagens + rastelo manual sobre o resíduo de milho (PCM); 4) preparo do solo com uma aração + duas gradagens + rastelo manual sobre o resíduo de soja (PCS); 5) preparo do solo com uma aração + duas gradagens + rastelo manual sem cultivo e descoberto (SSC- testemunha). Sobre os tratamentos aplicaramse quatro chuvas simuladas, cada uma com duração de 60 minutos e 65 mm h-1 de intensidade constante, com um simulador de chuva com braços rotativos do tipo empuxo. As perdas de solo totais observadas ao final das quatro chuvas simuladas aplicadas nos tratamentos PDM, PDS, PCM, PCS e SSC foram respectivamente de 1,35; 3,35; 7,36; 33,72; e 55,44 t ha-1. Perdas de solo verificadas nos tratamentos PDM, PDS e PCM foram respectivamente 85%, 63% e 12% menores do que a tolerância de perda de solo de 9 t ha-1 ano-1. O aumento da cobertura do solo pelos resíduos culturais ocasionou diminuição exponencial das perdas de solo, enquanto essas perdas aumentaram exponencialmente com o aumento da velocidade da enxurrada. As perdas de água pela enxurrada apresentaram a mesma tendência das perdas de solo, mas com menor dependência do manejo do solo.

ABSTRACT The cultivation of vegetables in general degrades the soil because it is necessary to adopt intensive me-chanical preparation operations. The objective of this research was to quantify soil losses (SL) and water losses (WL) by water erosion in the onion cycle in different types of soil and crop residue management, under simulated rainfall conditions, in 2017. Notillage treatments were studied: 1) furrows in the planting line on the corn residue (NTC); 2) furrows in the planting line over the soybean residue (NTS); 3) soil preparation with a plow + two harrowing + manual rake on the corn residue (SPC); 4) soil preparation with a plow + two harrowing + manual rake on the soybean residue (SPS); 5) soil preparation with one plowing + two ha-rrowing + manual rake without cultivation and uncovered (BS - control). Four simulated rains were applied to the treatments, each lasting 60 min and 65 mm h-1 of constant intensity, with a rain simulator with rotating arms of the thrust type. The total soil losses observed at the end of the four simulated rainfall applied in the treatments NTC, NTS, SPC, and SPS were respectively 1.35; 3.35; 7.36; 33.72; and 55.44 t ha-1. Soil losses verified in the NTC, NTS and SPC treatments were respectively 85%, 63% and 12% lower than the soil loss tolerance of 9 t ha-1 year-1The increase in soil cover by crop residues caused an exponential decrease in soil losses, while these losses increased exponentially with the increase in runoff velocity. Runoff water losses showed the same trend as soil losses, but with less dependence on soil management.

Abstract Improper management degrades the soil, decreases corn productivity and is reflected in the cost of production. The objective of this research was to evaluate the soil recovery in non-conservationist treatments after the change of management and cultivation to the conservation condition direct sowing, and compare these systems to consolidated direct seeding; This evaluation was based on the soil responsiveness to crop production and water erosion control, and based on the financial cost of soil recovery and corn production when soil management was converted from non-conservationist (tillage rotation - RT, minimum tillage - MT, conventional tillage - CT and bare soil - BS) to no-tillage (NT) condition, in a Humic Cambisol. The transition from managements to no-tillage occurred in 2015 year, after 27 years of conducting the preexisting managements. The chemical recovery was carried out with the application of limestone, phosphorus, and potassium. At the end of the research the yield of the corn crop, the cost of recovering the soil fertility and the cost of crop production were evaluated. Previous soil management influenced the cost of soil chemical recovery. The cost of production showed a financial loss for the previous treatments CT and BS, on the average of the three corn crops.